Everything about 1-propanol totally explained
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Propan-1-ol is a primary
alcohol with the formula CH
3CH
2CH
2OH. It is also known as
1-propanol,
1-propyl alcohol,
n-propyl alcohol, or simply
propanol. It is an
isomer of
propan-2-ol. It is used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, and for resins and cellulose esters. It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes.
Chemical properties
1-Propanol shows the normal reactions of a
primary alcohol. Thus it can be converted to
alkyl halides; for example red
phosphorus and
iodine produce
1-iodopropane in 90% yield, while
PCl3 with catalytic
ZnCl2 gives
1-chloropropane. Reaction with
acetic acid in the presence of an
H2SO4 catalyst under
Fischer esterification conditions gives propyl acetate, while refluxing propanol overnight with formic acid alone can produce propyl formate in 65% yield. Oxidation of 1-propanol with
Na2Cr2O7 and H
2SO
4 gives only a 36% yield of
propionaldehyde, and therefore for this type of reaction higher yielding methods using
PCC or the
Swern oxidation are recommended. Oxidation with
chromic acid yields
propionic acid
Preparation
1-Propanol is a major constituent of
fusel oil, a by-product formed from certain
amino acids when potatoes or grains are fermented to produce ethanol. This is no longer a significant source of the material.
1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic
hydrogenation of
propionaldehyde. The propionaldehyde is itself produced via the
oxo process, by
hydroformylation of
ethylene using
carbon monoxide and
hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as
cobalt octacarbonyl or a
rhodium complex.
» (1)
H2C=CH2 +
CO +
H2 →
CH3CH2CH=O
» (2) CH
3CH
2CH=O + H
2 → CH
3CH
2CH
2OH
A traditional laboratory preparation of 1-propanol involves treating
1-iodopropane with moist
Ag2O.
History
1-Propanol was discovered in
1853 by Chancel, who obtained it by
fractional distillation of
fusel oil.
Further Information
Get more info on '1-propanol'.
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